Regulation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Guideline of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Utilizing Osteopathy for instance, depict and basically assess the manners by which the association and guideline of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the UK gives shields to clients. The arrangement of CAMs in the UK is truly both a segment of medicinal services benefits and saw with doubt by the prevailing clinical model of social insurance which has portrayed the NHS since its commencement in 1948. The sorts of CAMs which are incorporated under the aegis of NHS arrangement have been confined, to, for instance, homeopathy and osteopathy (Nicholls, in Lee-Treweek et al, ). Such arrangement is regularly directed and checked in manners that a wide scope of different treatments which go under a similar umbrella are most certainly not. This exposition investigates the manners by which this association and guideline can offer support clients with similar sorts of shields that different NHS administrations have consistently given. This sort of guideline, for example, that gave by the expert assortments of Nursing (the Nursing and Midwifery Council) and Medicine (The General Medical Council, is a significant methods for guaranteeing the highest caliber of care arrangeme nt by guaranteeing just appropriately prepared specialists are permitted to rehearse, while simultaneously considering professionals responsible for their training. Tolerant criticism and different investigations has exhibited that the arrangement of CAMs inside NHS care gives important treatment and backing to patients with complex ailments. This is a manifestation what Heller et al (2005) portray as the ‘late modernity’ of human services in the preesent setting, described by expanding broadening (which is regularly not perceived by the prevailing clinical authority of the NHS).Rigorous randomized controlled preliminaries, the highest quality level for the arrangement of proof for clinical consideration, have shown that CAMs are viable, yet the Medical model of care despite everything doesn't generally take into consideration the estimation of such medicines, and they are treated as ‘fringe’ medication. Along these lines, and on account of the general gauges of guideline and observation of clinical consideration, not many correlative treatments are given as per usual inside the NHS, regardless of certain treatments, fo r example, Homeopathy, having a background marked by guideline and care arrangement returning to 1844 (Nicholls in Lee-Treweek et al). The preparation of CAM experts has likewise changed, with an increasingly thorough preparing process which reflects proficient training procedures and standards, and some normalization (however not national normalization) of instruction and principles. Be that as it may, one treatment which is given in this setting is osteopathy. The changing substance of medication has both served the incorporation of CAMs inside the NHS and served to realize guideline by adjusting the preparation and arrangement of such treatments with the standards which have represented medication and clinical practice in the UK (Heller et al, 2005). The idea of wellbeing has additionally advanced (Cant, in Lee-Treweek et al; Heller et al, 2005). This has prompted the rise of integrative medication, where CAM professionals work related to multi-disciplinary social insurance groups which oversee tolerant consideration in an all encompassing and far reaching way (Cant, in Lee-Treweek et al). Clearly, this is the perfect from the perspective of the administration client, on the grounds that the up to this point unchallenged clinical model of wellbeing has been supplanted by a developing comprehension of the intricate idea of wellbeing and sickness and the comparatively perplexing reactions required from those accused of advancing wellbeing a nd rewarding ailment, illness and injury (Cant, in Lee-Treweek et al). Be that as it may, this has had what some view as a negative impact on CAM arrangement. As Heller et al (2005) state, â€Å"the development of ‘integrative medicine’ speaks to a subverting of counter-social qualities, as increasingly comprehensive ideal models dependent on testing standard biomedical or ‘scientific’ hypotheses may become uprooted closeness to the prevailing biomedical systems† (P xiii). Another issue is that as CAMs become increasingly common inside ‘normal’ medication and wellbeing, clinical and nursing staff who are approached to exhort on these treatments might not have had the option to keep up current information on the proof about these treatments (Heller et al, 2005). One of the expected advantages of this impact, be that as it may, is that of guaranteeing persistent security. Heller et al (2005) state obviously that patients must settle on educated decisions about such treatments, and ought to have the option to have the data to assess the security of the specialist and the treatment. This is apparent in the manners by which a great many people get to CAMs, through private practice, through searching out treatment and assessing which specialists of which treatments to get to (Heller et al, 2005). In any case, there is such an assorted variety among numerous professionals of wellsprings of preparing and guideline that for some, specialists, having a testament of enrollment of a ‘professional’ association is no assurance of value or of review should the administration client be disappointed with or hurt by the treatment gave. The creator has recounted proof of conversations with clinical specialists who accept that CAMs professionals a re risky, ineffectively directed, and speak to a threat to the general population by forestalling debilitated individuals getting to or using clinical medicinal services administrations. This is a somewhat constrained view, yet one which means certain regions of popular feeling, which thusly mirrors the manners by which numerous treatments have not been managed, assessed through thorough testing, or been dependent upon indistinguishable sorts of value control and observation from customary medication. Osteopathy, be that as it may, is managed by Acts of Parliament likewise to medication, nursing and unified social insurance experts, and is depicted as one of the ‘big five’ of the CAMs, which have a superior notoriety and remaining inside ordinary medication (Heller et al, 2005). It is this guideline which should secure patient wellbeing and protect the interests of administration clients, yet it likewise fills different needs. Stone (1996) contends that guideline isn't justified by most of treatments and would be improper for treatments which are excessively not quite the same as medication. Guideline guarantees that the calling itself has a superior expert status, that every one of its specialists are prepared likewise, and offers help, direction and lawful help to professionals. This proposes an expanded degree of obligation and responsibility, since proficient bodies keep up concurred and characterized measures. In this manner, regarding educated decision, any assi stance client can be guaranteed that any rehearsing osteopath is dependent upon a similar standard of preparing and a similar guideline, thus ought to be ‘safe’ to get to, much similarly as clinical consideration is gotten to. Subsequently guideline may protect quiet security by being required to officially hold fast to moral standards. Heller et al (2005) portray the prerequisites of expert moral practice as: â€Å"a obligation to come clean; an obligation to act genuinely and genuinely; an obligation to regard people’s wishes, and not to regard individuals as an unfortunate chore, however as people with rights; an obligation not to hurt people;†¦[and the right] not to be hurt [and] not to be lied to.† (p 85). While these might be viewed as general human rights they are expanded by standards which are commonly consented to support social insurance, including the standards of helpfulness and non-wrathfulness (Heller et al, 2005). It could be contended that no treatment ought to be given, consequently, which doesn't have demonstrated advantages to the patient, and is demonstrated to do no damage to the patient. Proficient guideline may fill this need, since it professionalizes the treatment and requests adequate principles of proof to exhibit these highlights. In any case, just treatments which can give this standard of proof would be directed (Stone, 1996) which could effectsly affect the status and notoriety of increasingly obscure treatments which can't be dependent upon the sorts of proof that supports medication. Willful guideline might be the appropriate response: â€Å"Consumers will best be ensured by a dynamic, morals drove way to deal with deliberate self-guideline in which exclusive expectations of training along with obvious and compelling disciplinary systems are given higher unmistakable quality than the quest for proficient status (Stone, 1996 p 1493). All in all, this creator accepts that guideline, either legal or willful, considers specialists responsible and serves the enthusiasm of purchasers by exhibiting that those giving CAMs are in any event instructed to a concurred norm, and by offering buyers a methods for change should they be disappointed with their treatment. Be that as it may, just legal guideline would give appropriate review, yet in the current lawful setting, there is so much enactment securing the interests and privileges of shoppers of products and enterprises that there is a lot of space for change through different methods. Just legal guideline could offer confirmations of security, however this isn't reasonable for all treatments (Stone, 1996). References Heller, T., Lee-Treweek, G., Katz, J. et al (2005) (eds). Viewpoints on reciprocal and elective medication. Milton Keynes: Open University Press/Routledge. Stone, J. (1996) Regulating integral medication: measures, not status. BMJ 312 1492-1493.

Letter for Dean (a sort of petition letter) Essay

Letter for Dean (a kind of appeal letter) - Essay Example I have attempted to change my significant multiple times, however the fundamental explanation I didn't succeed was the GPA that I earned from past colleges, despite the fact that the first occasion when I attempted to change my major for spring quarter in 2006, my GPA in the Ohio State University was over 3.4, yet my aggregated GPA, including my scores from KyeMyung University was about 2.7. My picked profession is bookkeeping, and so as to turn into a very much characterized bookkeeper, I have to accomplish a solid business instruction from Fisher College of Business. I have relatives and close family members who have functioned as bookkeepers in Korean Internal Revenue Service and other open bookkeeping firms, and I have watched with intrigue, all the current bookkeeping issues, for example, Sarbanes Oxley Acts and M&A for some notable organizations. I need to turn into a bookkeeper since I have a profound energy for the calling, and an intrinsic ability for finding numerical blunders and shrouded botches. I will make penances to understand my aspiration to turn into a bookkeeper, which is being impeded as a result of my past GPA. My transient objective has been accomplishing a degree from Fisher College of Business and I expect to later go for a Masters program in Accounting, to finish my training. I feel that a bookkeeping degree from the FCOB will be helpful in the United States as well as in Korea. Sir I truly wish you would think about my application, and I would be thankful if my solicitation is conceded. Yours

Greek culture-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greek culture-2 - Essay Example er moral or flippant men, is broad, and in any event, bewildering that the creators had the option to reduced the numerous wrongdoings that humanity would be tempted to submit into single, though epic, poetics. There are connections between the two works, for example, the intensity of Perseus, in Metamorphoses, to turn his foes to stone; and that of Poseidon acting the hero of the Odysseus, turning the danger of the nautical boat that sought after them to stone. These portrayals address the issue of how men act in the public arena in manners that exhibit their obligation to themselves, and particularly in support of others. Each work utilizes the satisfaction of prescience to fill in as useful examples to the peruser, to the networks inside which the works would be offered and perused by; to fill in as direction in the decisions that the individuals of those social orders made for themselves. There are occurrences of dedication in the two works, supporting the population’s feeling of unwaveringness to realm (society), and home (family). In the Odyssey, Odysseus is supported by the Gods, however he is reliant upon the unwaveringness of his human men who bolster him, ensure him, and remain with him against the powers of fiendishness. The slaves in his family are faithful to the ace, Odysseus, and work to help and shield his family unit from the admirers who might take that generally valuable to Odysseus, his home, spouse and property. The social importance of these topics would be the same, truly, in antiquated social orders than they are in present day social orders. All together for people to forestall disarray, to have quality existences, it requires faithfulness and supporting each other in urban undertakings. To the degree that prescience was a significant and repeating component of old writing, is the same than in current society where antiquated, Biblical, and other old predictions (Mayan 2012 schedule); sway the mind of the populace in convincing the populace to settle on moral decisions. The antiquated legends serve to remind current

Babylon, the Glorious Ancient Mesopotamian Capital

Babylon, the Glorious Ancient Mesopotamian Capital Babylon was the name of the capital of Babylonia, one of a few city-states in Mesopotamia. Our cutting edge name for the city is an adaptation of theâ ancient Akkadian name for it: Bab Ilani or Gate of the Gods. Babylons ruins are situated in what is today Iraq, close to the advanced town of Hilla and on the eastern bank of the Euphrates waterway. Individuals originally inhabited Babylon at any rate as quite a while in the past as the late third thousand years BC, and it turned into the political focus of southern Mesopotamia starting in the eighteenth century, during the rule of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC). Babylon kept up its significance as a city for a surprising 1,500 years, until around 300 BC. Hammurabis City A Babylonian portrayal of the antiquated city, or rather a rundown of the names of the city and its sanctuaries, is found in the cuneiform content called Tintir Babylon, so named in light of the fact that its first sentence means something like Tintir is a name of Babylon, on which brilliance and celebration are presented. This record is an abstract of Babylons noteworthy design, and it was most likely accumulated around 1225 BC, during the period of Nebuchadnezzar I. Tintir records 43 sanctuaries, gathered by the quarter of the city in which they were situated, just as city-dividers, conduits, and roads, and a meaning of the ten city quarters. What else we are aware of the old Babylonian city originates from archeological unearthings. German excavator Robert Koldeweyâ dug an enormous pit 21 meters [70 feet] deep into the tell finding the Esagila sanctuary in the mid twentieth century. It wasnt until the 1970s when a joint Iraqi-Italian group drove by Giancarlo Bergamini returned to the profoundly covered remains. In any case, aside from that, we dont know a great deal about Hammurabis city, since it was devastated in the antiquated past. Babylon Sacked As per cuneiform works, Babylons rival Assyrian lord Sennacherib sacked the city in 689 BC. Sennacherib boasted that he leveled all the structures and dumped the rubble into the Euphrates River. Throughout the following century, Babylon was recreated by its Chaldean rulers, who followed the old city plan. Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562) led an enormous recreation venture and left his mark on a large number of Babylons structures. It is Nebuchadnezzars city that amazed the world, starting with the appreciating reports of Mediterranean antiquarians. Nebuchadnezzars City Nebuchadnezzars Babylon was huge, covering a zone of about 900 hectares (2,200 sections of land): it was the biggest city in the Mediterranean district until magnificent Rome. The city lay inside an enormous triangle estimating 2.7x4x4.5 kilometers (1.7x2.5x2.8 miles), with one edge shaped by the bank of the Euphrates and different sides made up of dividers and a canal. Intersection the Euphrates and converging the triangle was the walled rectangular (2.75x1.6 km or 1.7x1 mi) downtown, where the greater part of the major grand castles and sanctuaries were found. The significant avenues of Babylon all prompted that focal area. Two dividers and a canal encompassed the downtown and at least one scaffolds associated the eastern and western parts. Brilliant doors permitted section to the city: a greater amount of that later. Sanctuaries and Palaces At the middle was the principle haven of Babylon: in Nebuchadnezzars day, it contained 14 sanctuaries. The most noteworthy of these was the Marduk Temple Complex, including the Esagila (The House Whose Top is High) and its gigantic ziggurat, the Etemenanki (House/Foundation of Heaven and the Underworld). The Marduk Temple was encircled by a divider penetrated with seven doors, ensured by the sculptures of mythical beasts produced using copper. The ziggurat, situated over a 80 m (260 ft) wide road from the Marduk Temple, was likewise encircled by high dividers, with nine entryways additionally ensured by copper monsters. The principle royal residence at Babylon, saved for legitimate business, was the Southern Palace, with a colossal royal chamber, beautified with lions and adapted trees. The Northern Palace, thought to have been the Chaldean rulers living arrangement, had lapis-lazuli coated reliefs. Found inside its remains was an assortment of a lot more seasoned antiques, gathered by the Chaldeans from different places around the Mediterranean. The Northern Palace was viewed as a potential possibility for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon; in spite of the fact that proof has not been found and an almost certain area outside of Babylon has been recognized (see Dalley). Babylons Reputation In the Christian Bibles Book of Revelationâ (ch. 17), Babylon was portrayed as Babylon the extraordinary, mother of mistresses and of earths plagues, making it the encapsulation of abhorrence and wantonness all over the place. This was a touch of strict purposeful publicity to which the favored urban communities of Jerusalem and Rome were thought about and cautioned against turning out to be. That idea commanded western idea until late nineteenth century German excavators brought home pieces of the antiquated city and introduced them in a gallery in Berlin, including the superb dull blue Ishtar entryway with its bulls and mythical serpents. Different students of history wonder about the citys astounding size. The Roman historian Herodotus [~484-425 BC] expounded on Babylon in the principal book of his Histories (chapters 178-183), in spite of the fact that researchers contend about whether Herodotus really observed Babylon or simply caught wind of it. He portrayed it as a tremendous city, a whole lot bigger than the archeological proof shows, guaranteeing that the city dividers extended a circuit of approximately 480 stadia (90 km). The fifth century Greek student of history Ctesias, who presumably did really visit face to face, said the city dividers extended 66 km (360 stadia). Aristotle described it as a city that has the size of a country. He reports that when Cyrus the Greatâ captured the edges of the city, it took three days for the news to arrive at the middle. The Tower of Babel As indicated by Genesis in the Judeo-Christian Bible, the Tower of Babelâ was worked trying to arrive at paradise. Researchers accept that the monstrous Etemenanki ziggurat was the motivation for the legends. Herodotus revealed that the ziggurat had a strong focal pinnacle with eight levels. The towers could be move by method of an outside winding flight of stairs, and most of the way up there was a spot to rest. On the eighth level of the Etemenanki ziggurat was an extraordinary sanctuary with a huge, lavishly finished love seat and adjacent to it stood a brilliant table. Nobody was permitted to go through the night there, said Herodotus, with the exception of one extraordinarily chose Assyrian lady. The ziggurat was disassembled by Alexander the Greatâ when he vanquished Babylon in the fourth century BC. City Gates The Tintir Babylon tablets list the city entryways, which all had suggestive epithets, for example, the Urash door, The Enemy is Abhorrent to it, the Ishtar entryway Ishtar ousts its Assailant and the Adad entryway O Adad, Guard the Life of the Troops. Herodotus says there were 100 entryways in Babylon: archeologists have just discovered eight in the downtown, and the most noteworthy of those was the Ishtar door, assembled and revamped by Nebuchadnezzar II, and right now in plain view at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. To get to the Ishtar Gate, the guest strolled for approximately 200 m (650 ft) between two high dividers enhanced with bas-reliefs of 120 striding lions. The lions are splendidly hued and the foundation is a striking coated lapis lazuli dim blue. The tall door itself, additionally dull blue, delineates 150 mythical beasts and bulls, images of the defenders of the city, Marduk and Adad. Babylon and Archeology The archeological site of Babylon has been exhumed by various individuals, most prominently by Robert Koldeweyâ beginning in 1899. Significant unearthings finished in 1990. Numerous cuneiform tablets were gathered from the city during the 1870s and 1880s, by Hormuzd Rassamâ of the British Museum. The Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities led work at Babylon among 1958 and the beginning of the Iraq war during the 1990s. Other ongoing work was directed by a German group during the 1970s and an Italian one from the University of Turin during the 1970s and 1980s. Vigorously harmed by the Iraq/US war, Babylon has as of late been examined by analysts of the Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torinoâ at the University of Turin utilizing QuickBird and satellite symbolism to measure and screen the progressing harm. Sources A significant part of the data about Babylon here is summed up from Marc Van de Mieroops 2003 article in the American Journal of Archeology for the later city; and George (1993) for the Babylon of Hammurabi. Brusasco P. 2004. Hypothesis and practice in the investigation of Mesopotamian residential space. Antiquity 78(299):142-157.Dalley S. 1993. Ancient Mesopotamian gardens and the distinguishing proof of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon resolved. Garden Historyâ 21(1):1-13.George AR. 1993. Babylon returned to: archaic exploration and philology in harness. Antiquity 67(257):734-746.Jahjah M, Ulivieri C, Invernizzi An, and Parapetti R. 2007. Archaeological remote detecting application pre-after war circumstance of Babylon archeological site-Iraq. Acta Astronautica 61:121â€130.Reade J. 2000. Alexander the Great and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Iraq 62:195-217.Richard S. 2008. ASIA, WEST | Archaeology of the Near East: The Levant. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archeology. New York: Academic Press. p 834-848.Ur J. 2012. Southern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor. A Companion to the Archeology of the Ancient Near East: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p 533-555.Van de Mieroop M. 2003. Reading Babylon. American Journal of Archaeologyâ 107(2):254-275.

Why does the US continue to label Hezbollah as a terrorist Research Paper

For what reason does the US keep on naming Hezbollah as a fear monger association - Research Paper Example The US sees Hezbollah as a psychological oppressor association and is continually encouraging the European countries and the United Nations to mark it a fear monger association. The British have the recognition that it has two wings, one that is political and the other, the military which is answerable for psychological warfare. This case has since been discredited by Hezbollah pioneer Hassan Nasrallah (ITIC, p. 2). Different governments generally Muslim and Islamic countries, look at Hezbollah as a genuine opposition gathering. The issue is, the marking depends on government’s observations (Stewart 137). Dread is seen as war against Islam. So for what reason does the US keep on naming Hezbollah as a fear monger association, yet the association has all around characterized pronouncement of opposing Israeli intrusion, and some other colonialist attacks? The point of this article is to clarify the opposite side of the association. It is to show that Hezbollah isn't a fear based oppressor association, yet an ideological group that battles against intrusion just as advancement. It is additionally to show that the marking of the association as a fear based oppressor association needs more realities and clarifications with respect to why. ... This shows how ruling the association is, a trait of an ideological group. Hostile to Defamation League, takes note of that Hezbollah has been marked as a fear based oppressor gathering, however its activities have moved its political remain to pushing for the constituent interests of the Shii’s people group. Shi’i people group is about 40% of the number of inhabitants in Lebanon (2008). Hezbollah is a political substance that doesn't just battle against Israeli attack, however for its reality and force also. In May 2008, an understanding was framed between Lebanon’s western sponsored government and Hezbollah. This was intended to end a political emergency that had kept going year and a half and was near the precarious edge of causing a common war in Lebanon. From the understanding, Hezbollah and its partners acquired restriction controls over the administration choices and were granted 11 seats out of 30 bureau seats (ADL 2008). In 2009 parliamentary races be th at as it may, Hezbollah and its partners were crushed and stayed with 11 out of its 128 seats. Another solidarity government shaped in November, which currently holds two bureau seats having a place with Hezbollah (ADL 2008). All these indicate an ideological group with its own procedures of getting power from the Lebanese government. There are a few reasons why Hezbollah is viewed as a Terrorist nation and these will be talked about, however the primary motivation behind why Hezbollah exists in any case is a direct result of the Israeli Invasion. The development of Hezbollah clarifies every one of their activities. The Formation of Hezbollah was established in 1985 and is a significant political power (Tucker p. 529), albeit considered a fear based oppressor gathering or association by the US, the British and some different nations. In 2001, President George W. Hedge in his discourse to a joint meeting of congress, noticed that there

How to Deal WIth Kleptophobia or the Fear of Theft

How to Deal WIth Kleptophobia or the Fear of Theft Phobias Types Print Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Kleptophobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on November 19, 2019 Westend61/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Kleptophobia, or fear of theft, can actually be used to describe two distinct fears. The first is a fear of being stolen from or robbed. The second is a fear of stealing from someone else. The two fears are often related and may exist simultaneously. Causes There are several situations that can trigger kleptophobia, including: A Negative Event. Both forms of kleptophobia are often, but not always, triggered by a negative event. For example, if you have been robbed at gunpoint, you are at a higher risk of developing a fear of being robbed. Likewise, if you have ever been a thief, you may worry that you will fall back into old patterns.Internal Conflicts. Either form of kleptophobia may also be rooted in internal struggles or conflicts. Society does not cleanly divide into abstracts of “good” and “evil,” and defining our own morals can be challenging. For example, most of us were taught as children not to steal, but how many of us actually return extra change that we were given by mistake? It is common to justify small “cheats,” but simultaneously worry that this behavior may constitute stealing, or might even lead to larger and more definitive thefts.Being Ripped Off. Most of us accept that business dealings are not always “fair,” and that we might at times be ripped off. We tend to let smal l things go in an effort to be cooperative or avoid confrontation. Over time, however, even small amounts of overcharging can cause us to feel victimized, eventually worrying that next time we will be more seriously taken advantage of. Symptoms The symptoms of kleptophobia vary depending on the type that you suffer. If you are afraid of being robbed, you are likely to develop a defensive posture. You might lock up valuables before anyone visits, maintain a guarded attitude with strangers and avoid walking anywhere alone, particularly at night. You may obsessively check contracts, avoid loaning money even to close friends or be afraid of large crowds.If you are afraid of stealing from others, you might become scrupulously honest and giving. You might double-check received change, refuse to accept loans, and even consciously avoid eating the last serving of any food. You are likely to go out of your way to avoid situations that might tempt you to steal, such as money handling jobs or social gatherings. Some people with this type of kleptophobia find that their fears extend to cheating, and are extremely careful to follow every rule when playing games.Both forms of kleptophobia can lead to isolation, low self-esteem, depression, and other types of anxiety disorders. You might develop social phobia or even agoraphobia due to the fear of exposing yourself to what you perceive as high-risk situations. It is common to develop feelings of worthlessness and shame. Treatment Like most phobias, kleptophobia can be successfully treated using a range of techniques. Cognitive-behavioral therapy: This type of treatment helps you learn to stop your negative self-talk and think more logically about theft. You will also learn new behaviors and coping strategies that you can use in stressful situations.MedicationsHypnosisTalk therapy: It is important to choose a therapist that you trust to help you work through your phobia.

To what extent does modern Britain exhibit a class system - Free Essay Example

Historically, British society has been defined by a clearly demarcated system of social classes. In the medieval period, this was characterised by a feudal system of landowners and serfs (Bloch, 2014); in the early modern period the courtly aristocratic model defined the British class system, and this morphed in the last two centuries to form the traditional tripartite model of the working, middle and upper classes. However, in recent years such a system has been called into question. It has been argued that Britain is a class-less society, that socio-economic and democratising political forces have combined to rid the society of its vertical, pyramid structure. Proponents of this levelling process have argued that Britain, in the globalised twentieth century, is characterised by other, wider contextual forces than those of the national class system (Portes and Walton, 2013). However, this essay will take issue with this contention, and argue that announcements of the death of the class system in Britain are not merely premature or exaggerated, they are fundamentally wrong. Whilst net measures of wealth, education and so on point to improvements and progression en masse, the kinds of intra-societal divisions which mark out the class system have, if anything, increased in recent years, rendering Britain a society not merely defined but dominated by its class system. One of the defining features of a class system is that it has a lowest strata or group. This has been defined variously as the lower classes, the working classes, the serfs or the under class. Irrespective of terminology, this presence of a lowest social group is one which is a defining feature of class systems; it is seen, notably, in other cultural contexts such as the ethno-religious Hindu caste system, which identifies a clearly lowest class in the form of the so-called untouchables (Rahaman, 2015). Thus, one argument in favour of Britain no longer exhibiting a class system might be the contention that no such underclass exists any longer. Such an argument is false, however, as social marginalisation, social exclusion, greater inequality and other social realities of contemporary British life make evident. What has often been mistakenly identified as the erosion of the class system is in fact a net movement upwards with respect to standards in British society as a whole. Therefore, it is true that British people, across the income spectrum, are better educated, live longer, and enjoy better living standards than they did in previous centuries (Graham, 2012). Yet, this has been matched by a general increase in standards for British people as a whole. The class system is a measure of demarcations within the collective social body, not a measure of general standards, and thus, it may be argued that the class system in Britain has become more rather than less entrenched in recent decades, as a net increase in standards has taken place alongside an increase in inequality. The effects of the free market economic policies which defined the Thatcher governments of the 1980s and which were repackaged and continued in the form of New Labour have been significant in their impact on the British social structure and class system. They can be understood in the context of global free market economics, identified elsewhere with economics figures such as Milton Friedman, political figures such as Ronald Reagan, and concepts such as Monetarism, Neoliberalism, and so -called Reaganomics (Hill, 2015). Such policies have resulted in considerable wealth creation. In Britain under Thatcher, they were predicated on the so-called trickle down effect, whereby it was believed that wealth creation among the upper echelons of society would have a knock-on effect whereby those members of the lower classes benefited from it. The very terminology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the idea that wealth would trickle down from higher up à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" betrays the degree to which these policies were predicated on the idea of a still-existent class system (Vinen, 2013). Indeed, Thatchers aspirational emphasis in her rhetoric and policy-making was indicative of this fact: she stressed the desire to create a British society (a term which she famously would not have used) in which members of the lower classes could aspire to join the ranks of the middle and upper classes, and that upward-mobility was something of which a society and its people could be proud (Hill, 2015). The very possibility of upward-mobility implies a class system, but what these policies effected was, rather than a collective move upwards for the lower classes and therefore an abolishment of the class hierarchy, was the exact opposite. Instead of reducing class differences, Thatcherism increased them. It enabled some to become enormously wealthy and others to remain poor. Even if the latter group were to be better off, the class system is a relative one and as such, a greater relative difference between one social strata and another compounds class differences, even if the overall result is that everyone is better off in absolute terms. This misconception is at the heart of arguments which, this essay contends, mistake absolute changes in the nature of British social life for changes to the relative position of its social classes. The net result of Neoliberal economics, both globally and domestically in Britain, has been an increase in the wealth gap, a shoring up of the class sys tem, and a greater distinction between the haves and the have-nots (Mount, 2012). This is seen most evidently in the persistence of the social underclass, which has been rendered relatively worse off by the wealth creation at the top of society, wealth which has not trickled down (Jones, 2012). Indeed, the creation by the New Labour government of a Social Exclusion Unit in 1998 (Stanley et al., 2011), tasked with the job of intervening among the lower classes to prevent people from being excluded from the benefits that society has to offer, is evidence of the fact that wealth has not trickled down. The severe economic disparity between the wealth of London à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Britains financial capital à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and the rest of the country, particularly the North-East, is further evidence of class division on a geographical level. Cribb et al. (2013) have shown that income inequality has knock-on effects in terms of social exclusion, such that even in the event that people w ant to move up the class system, the system itself, pace Thatcherism, works to prevent this from being feasible. The decision by Thatcher to privatise a number of British industries, to actively take on industrial and manual workers such as in the case of the Miners Strikes, and to concentrate much of British wealth and financial power in the hands of a number of leading banks and corporations in the City of London, all contributed to this greater division in British society (Jones, 2012). The result is that the poor are, relatively speaking, poorer, and the rich are, absolutely speaking, much richer and, relatively speaking, fantastically richer. A large percentage of Britains wealth is possessed by an increasingly small percentage of its population. The knock-on effects in terms of class division, social exclusion, and the perpetuation of the so-called underclass, are palpable. It might be argued that, so far, this essay has demonstrated how income inequality and wealth gaps ha ve increased in Britain in recent decades, and that this is not the same as saying that the class system has been entrenched and increased in the same way. Indeed, wealth is not a straightforward synonym for class in Britain. This essay has so far avoided defining the term class for the very reason that it is nebulous and not something which can be defined in straightforwardly quantitative terms. It is, to some extent, a question of self-identification. Thus, a family with a low net income might identify itself as middle class, whereas a family or couple or individual with a greater net income might, conversely, consider themselves to be lower class. However, a useful working definition of class is inclusion/exclusion (Kraus et al., 2012). The higher the social class, the more social opportunities, resources and capital one is privilege to. The higher the social class, the greater access there is to the things the country has to offer, the greater the individuals are included. By co ntrast, lower social classes are defined by their being excluded from certain resources and opportunities that the society has to offer. Therefore, the lower classes might be excluded from private education, top universities, higher standards of medical care, and leisure opportunities and facilities (Scott, 2014). Whilst these are correlated with wealth, they are not simply coterminous with it. For example, a family might have the money to put their children through university, but if they or the children feel socially excluded from higher education (because they feel they are too lower class to belong there), then they will not attend and could therefore be socially excluded in any case. It is the contention of this essay that social exclusion remains a defining feature of British society, and as such the class system continues to operate to distinguish between those who are part of the in group, and those that are not. As noted above, this is seen in areas such as education and healthcare. One might cite the life expectancy variation in privileged parts of London compared with less privileged areas as evidence of the degree to which the poor are socially excluded from the benefits of British medical resources, technology and science (Scott-Samuel et al., 2014). Furthermore, one might cite the preponderance of public school educated children at top higher education institutions, and in the upper echelons of British social life more generally, as evidence of the degree to which people from lower-incomes or lower socio-economic groups are not afforded the same opportunities and the same inclusive rights as other individuals from higher class backgrounds. The prevalence of gang culture in inner-city environments is evidence of the marginalisation of youth from deprived socio-economic backgrounds (Jones, 2012). The London Riots of the summer of 2011 brought this class division into the spotlight, and constitute quite damning evidence of the idea that Britain i s no longer a class-defined society. Similarly, the UK Uncut movement, whilst situated in the global context of the financial crisis, and its opposition to the 1%, is further evidence of a groundswell of social discontent within the UK at the degree to which the countrys population is socio-economically divided (Mount, 2012). This is not to mention some of the wider social problems which affect Britain and which impinge on the idea of class: among them questions of language (Standard English being the preserve of an elite class and contrasted with lesser forms of speech such as regional or dialect English), race and nationality (with immigration and the resistance to inward-migration into the UK being topical political issues which impinge on ideas of class and social status). In sum, and to conclude, Britain remains a society sharply divided on socio-economic and class lines. That these divisions have increased in both number and degree is clear evidence of the perpetuity of the class system. Although there has been net increases in living standards throughout the history of modern Britain (with the possible exception of periods of war (Price, 2013)), the relative changes which have taken place, especially in the last four decades, have been ones which have exacerbated difference rather than reduced it. The class system has been stretched rather than diminished, such that the socially excluded bottom is now excluded to a greater degree than before, whilst the wealth and privilege of the elite has increased exponentially. Whilst wealth difference is not a fool proof indication of class difference, analysing inclusion and exclusion (with the upper classes enjoying the former and the lower classes suffering the latter) makes clear the degree to which Britain is not an equal society of equal opportunities. The class system operates on the principle that there are those who have, and there are those who have-not. British society operates on the same lines, and as such continues, not merely to exhibit, but to be defined by its class system. References Bloch, M. (2014). Feudal Society. London: Routledge. Cribb, J., Hood, A., Joyce, R. and Phillips, D. (2013). Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK: 2013 (No. R81). IFS Reports, Institute for Fiscal Studies. Graham, H. (2012). Smoking, stigma and social class. Journal of Social Policy, 41(01), 83-99. Hill, D. (2015). Education, Neoliberalism, Neoconservatism, and Class Struggle in Britain and Europe. Colonized Schooling Exposed: Progressive Voices for Transformative Educational and Social Change, 6, 182. Jones, O. (2012). Chavs: The demonization of the Working Class. London: Verso Books Kraus, M.W., Piff, P.K., Mendoza-Denton, R., Rheinschmidt, M.L. and Keltner, D. (2012). Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: how the rich are different from the poor. Psychological review, 119(3), 546. Mount, F. (2012). Mind the Gap: The New Class Divide in Britain. Oxford: Short Books. Parkin, F. (2013).The Social Analysis of Class Structure. London: Routledg e. Portes, A. and Walton, J. (2013). Labor, Class, and the International System. New York: Elsevier. Price, R. (2013). An Imperial War and the British Working Class: Working-Class Attitudes and Reactions to the Boer War, 1899-1902. London: Routledge. Rahaman, M. (2015). Please touch the Untouchables. International Journal of Research, 2(6), 410-415. Scott, J. C. (2014).Who Rules Britain?. New York: John Wiley Sons. Scott-Samuel, A., Bambra, C., Collins, C., Hunter, D. J., McCartney, G. and Smith, K. (2014). The impact of Thatcherism on health and well-being in Britain. International Journal of Health Services, 44(1), 53-71. Stanley, J. K., Hensher, D. A., Stanley, J. R. and Vella-Brodrick, D. (2011). Mobility, social exclusion and well-being: Exploring the links. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 45(8), 789-801. Vinen, R. (2013). Thatchers Britain: the Politics and Social Upheaval of the Thatcher Era. Boston, MA: Simon and Schuster.

Younger Extended Family Members in Mandarin Chinese

The Growth of Civilization Essays - 1349 Words

When you stand in front of the mirror, has it ever occurred to you that you belong to a particular civilization and your clothes, culture, language and may be even some of your personality traits are a mark of the particular civilization. The origin of civilization may interest you but, the growth of civilization is far more an important aspect of the same. The growth is considered to be a mark of development of a civilization. On the contrary, sustainable growth of civilization is something that would ensure the continuity of the progress of the civilization. In simpler words, civilization can be understood as ‘sophisticated and peaceful communities’ existing on the earth. Civilization differs from a society because civilization is†¦show more content†¦These were the civilizations of – Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus and China. Since the civilizations have grown and expanded. Presently, regional civilizations, religion based civilizations exist as well. Western civilization and Islamic civilizations are two of the most important civilization existing currently. (Guisepi) For the sustenance of a civilization, the most vital requirement is that of food. Humans have evolved physically from a time when he was a hunter and gatherer. Humans were always on a move, therefore, making it impossible to form a settlement. The evolution of agriculture is considered to be the basic amenity that triggered the process of civilization. Agriculture was a reliable source of food which promised surplus source to the people. (Guisepi) If you analyze the present situation, what do you find? The demand for food is exceeding the supplies. The increase in the price further keeps it out of reach of the poor and the needy. This leads the hungry people to the streets. These hungry people are a source to the terrorists, drugs, diseases and many more evils. If we chart out a graph, we can notice that the food scarcity occurs especially in the region of the third world i.e. under-developed countries. These states can be also termed as ‘the falling states’. The problem does not lie in the possession of power instead it now lies in the lack of it. Somalia ranks no. 1 in the list of the countries with food shortage and has become theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Religion On The Growth Of The Ancient Civilizations908 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion play in the growth of the Ancient civilizations? Religion can invade, conquer, and rule masses of people far more effectively and efficiently than any empire or conqueror. This is not to spark a heated discussion about religions. Its purpose is, to say that, even though it is highly debatable whether religions are false or true, most of them serve a very basic purpose of establishing morals and values. Early religions were used as a source of power and economic growth. Even if one doesn’tRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Early Civilizations Of Mesopotamia1042 Words   |  5 Pagesshown in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia are still evident in today’s world because without these basic standards set by the people of Mesopotamia, civilization could never have grown or had a reference point for the basic building blocks of society. Mesopotamia was able to grow through the development of technology, trade, stable political and military systems, and a class system that contributed to society . Mesopotamia’s way of life influenced many other civilizations such as the ones inRead MoreThe Problem Of Expanding Population Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pagesboth of wonder and catastrophe, as civilizations have risen and fallen throughout time. Collapse (Diamond) touches on this concept of population growth (or change) often, especially because a civilization is, after all, nothing without its population. Using Collapse, we can quickly start to analyze what a growing population entails. Early on, Diamond touches upon the implications of an expanding population. When a civilization starts to have a high rate of growth, they must start to use more aggressiveRead MoreThe Common Themes Of Environmental Effects On Religion1565 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the history of many civilizations, certain characteristics have presented themselves and many of which have been recognized as a commonality in several societies. These frequently seen patterns in history provide important insights to the functions and behaviors of ancient civilizations. There are many commonalities that are existent in many civilizations, but three clearly emerge, as they are fundamental to many societies’ cultures. The common themes of environmental effects on religionRead MoreEffects Of The Crusades On Western Civilizations915 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact to western civilization, however, that may not be the case. On the contrary, the Crusades provided a positive short-term and long-term economic, religious, and cultural development to western civilization. These wars caused a change in the economy and with politics. Though the crusades caused some negative consequences, it also provided some positive short-term consequences as well. These positive short-term consequences aided in the development of western civilizations. Some of these short-termRead MoreHow Did The History Of Meroe Reflect Interaction With Neighboring Civilizations?1707 Words   |  7 PagesMeroe 1) How did the history of Meroe reflect interaction with neighboring civilizations? The way the history of Meroe reflected interaction with neighboring civilizations is they traded more often with their neighbors. That is how they received their fortune and power. 2) How was the decline of Meroe connected to the changing patterns of long-distance trade? The decline of Meroe was caused by deforestation because wood was needed to make charcoal for iron. The deforestation made Egypt’s trade goRead MoreClaude Levi Strauss s Structuralism And Structural Anthropology893 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween human kind such as civilization. Since Là ©vi-Strauss was from France, he wanted to know how they moved forward in civilization. What were the philosophies that inspired them? Also, Là ©vi-Strauss thought of sexuality, economic development, and religious thoughts. He asked himself, did marital relations determine that you belong in that group you would be with for eternity. Would it lead to social structure? Western civilization is a role model for other civilizations because of their determinationRead MoreCulture And Ideologies Shape Relationships1567 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophy. In 1996 Samuel P.Huntington published â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations† which the author gave a geo political theory that cultural differences between civilizations rather than ideological differences would be the primary source of global conflict in the post-cold war. This essay will focuses on the argument in Huntington’s book about how it presents the world, the problem and the proposal for a solution. In The Clash of civilizations Huntington argued that the future conflict would be differentRead MoreImpact Of Migrations Of Pastoral Peoples On The Middle Ages1332 Words   |  6 PagesPaper 2: Migrations and Pasturalists Analyze the impact that migrations of pastoral peoples had on the development of civilization from the Second Wave civilizations to those of the Middle Ages. It is called migration all population displacements that occurs from a place of origin to another destination and brings a change of habitual residence in the case of people .The history refers to the great cultural movements, economic geographical and political that led to massive displacements of theRead MoreWhat Is Minimalism In Huck Finn1532 Words   |  7 Pagesminimalists seek freedom from civilizations standards and expectations. This need for freedom from civilization is also displayed in the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. The novel begins with Huck escaping societys attempt to civilize him by faking his own death where he goes to Jackson’s Island and finds Jim, a runaway slave, and sets out on the Mississippi river. Although Huck and Jim find peace on the river, they are unable to escape the evils of civilization. Later in the novel

Nursing and Health Care Degrees 2019

There is more to the study of nursing today than obtaining certification as an RN. And there are a number of degrees in health care that are options for people interested in entering the health care field. At the entry level and lower management level, you can take a relatively short course of study and receive certification as a medical assistant, a nurses assistant or any number of other support roles in the health care field. At the college level you can find all degree options in one health care profession or another. The best snapshot of industry-wide options comes from a look through the distance learning programs for health care positions. Because online education is job-focused, it is a quick study on the careers that are out there in nursing and other health care professions. University of Phoenix Online provides a comprehensive program of nursing studies. Some of their nursing degrees incorporate health care administration as well. Their health care masters programs include two MBA degrees with health care specialization; one of them is a dual masters degree, combining the MBA with a masters in nursing. Here is a list of their degrees in health care and nursing: .ub47760f19d9abd02212c5379e35a16bb { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ub47760f19d9abd02212c5379e35a16bb:active, .ub47760f19d9abd02212c5379e35a16bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ub47760f19d9abd02212c5379e35a16bb { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ub47760f19d9abd02212c5379e35a16bb .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ub47760f19d9abd02212c5379e35a16bb .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ub47760f19d9abd02212c5379e35a16bb:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ AA Business Watch Out for these Common Degree ScamsBachelor of Science/Health Administration Bachelor of Science in Nursing Master of Business Administration/Health Care Management Master of Health Administration Master of Science in Nursing Master of Science in Nursing Nursing/Health Care Education Master of Science in Nursing/Integrative Health Care Master of Science in Nursing/Master of Business Administration/Health Care Management Master of Science in Nursing/Master of Health Administration Doctor of Health Administration University of Phoenix Online has expanded study in the nursing profession to include a number of areas that are vital in todays managed health care environment. Their nursing program and their health administration academics are state of the art. Kaplan University has kept their online health care options to the basics. They offer a bachelors degree in health care management. They also have an RN program with a bachelors in science at completion. Colorado Technical University has an online MBA program with emphasis in health care management. They also offer a bachelors in science with specialization in health care management. If you are within range of one of their six campuses, you can obtain a bachelors in nursing and health care associates degrees in the following specializations: .u9e253cbb05a0b62ded3423956c78518c { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u9e253cbb05a0b62ded3423956c78518c:active, .u9e253cbb05a0b62ded3423956c78518c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u9e253cbb05a0b62ded3423956c78518c { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u9e253cbb05a0b62ded3423956c78518c .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u9e253cbb05a0b62ded3423956c78518c .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u9e253cbb05a0b62ded3423956c78518c:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Learn What it Takes to Be a Chief Financial Officer (CFO)Health Care Information Technology Massage Therapy Medical Assisting Radiologic Technology Surgical Technology Jones International University has an MBA program that specializes in health care management. Their curriculum includes courses in telemedicine and emerging technologies; marketing health services; e-marketing management; and in information technology management. This sampling of classes indicates to what degree Jones International University sees the health care management business relying on the internet not only for business functions but for medical purposes as well. Online courses to complete earlier college efforts can lead you to a degree in nursing or a degree with any number of health care administration specializations. One of the values of online academics is that the courses and degree programs are designed for efficient completion. Academically, you can be where you want to be much faster than you might think. Related ArticlesColleges for the Health Care ProfessionsOnline Degree Options in Health CareGetting Your Health Care Management EducationAcquiring a Health Care Degree on the InternetGetting a College Education OnlineAttaining a Health Care Management Masters Degree .ub72b6891f2b445342c153360504ba98c { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ub72b6891f2b445342c153360504ba98c:active, .ub72b6891f2b445342c153360504ba98c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ub72b6891f2b445342c153360504ba98c { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-trans ition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ub72b6891f2b445342c153360504ba98c .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ub72b6891f2b445342c153360504ba98c .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ub72b6891f2b445342c153360504ba98c:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Accredited Bachelor Degree Business Online Acquire Skills Necessary for Success as an Entrepreneur

The Reformation and the Church Essay example - 1587 Words

The Reformation was a decisive period in the history not only for the Catholic Church, but also for the entire world. The causes of this tumultuous point in history did not burst on the scene all at once, but slowly gained momentum like a boil that slowly festers through time before it finally bursts open. The Reformation of the Church was inevitable because of the abuses which the Church was suffering during this period. At the time of the Reformation, a segment of the Church had drifted away from its mission to bring Christ and salvation to the world. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Church had gradually become weaker because of abusive leadership, philosophical heresy, and a renewal of a form of the Pelagian heresy. The Church had†¦show more content†¦The world had witnessed a Church hierarchy that had been corrupted. Nepotism had begun to creep into the hierarchy of the Church, which led to abuses by the Church leadership. Popes, cardinals, bishops and many priests were unsuited spiritually for their office resulting in lavish living, fornication, gluttony, and even murder. Being a leader in the Church meant a position of wealth and prominence; therefore, positions of leadership in the Church were sought out for monetary gain rather than to do the work of God. This corruption in Church leadership was one of the things the Reformers acted out against. The popes made great strides in promoting the glory of the Renaissance, and left their mark on Rome with the beautiful creations of art that they commissioned. However, many lacked the spiritual leadership to guide the Church. Many popes acted like kings rather than the leader of Christendom by enjoying the fruits of their subject’s labor and money, rather than doing the spiritual work of the Church. The popes of the Renaissance needed great sums of money to pay for the great artists and architects they were commissioning. Funding for the Renaissance came from the parishes, which caused dissenti on and hardship among the people. While the popes were eating, drinking, and being merry in the midst of Rome, the people were listening to theShow MoreRelatedThe Reformation Of The Church1465 Words   |  6 Pages The reformation of the Church during the 16th century was one of the most religious, political, and cultural disturbance that occurred in Europe. The structures and the beliefs of the people of the Catholic Church would be questioned and redefined in many ways. During this era of time, men such as Desiderius Erasmus and Martin Luther, would have a significant impact on the plans that occurred. Erasmus was a reformer who believed in free will and that man could be saved by grace and good works. LutherRead MoreReformation of the Church864 Words   |  3 Pages In sixteenth century Europe, the revival for Roman Catholicism took place. This reformation in the Church is significantly important as it was during these times when Europe was all but mired by Protestant movements. This revival has often been referred to as the Catholic Counter-reformation, as a response against the Protestant Reformation. Christian humanism found expression, putting emphasis even on the pagan culture and philosophy. Controversies with the Protestants also gave way toRead MoreThe Reformation Of The Catholic Church1271 Words   |  6 PagesJackson Dukes Mr. Levy B3 3 March 2017 Killer Catholics Though millions of Catholics were brainwashed by higher-ranking church officials through cynical, selfish teachings, the reformation of the Catholic Church saved an immeasurable amount of lives by gaining religious freedom in Europe. I. Brainwashed Catholics A. Forced to work as slaves to church 1. Expected to work for free 2. Never taught any differently B. Forced to pay tithes 1. Rich people bribed 2. Relics as tribute C. Burned atRead MoreThe Catholic Church And The Reformation Essay2008 Words   |  9 PagesProtestant Church and the Reformation, it is first important to understand that one of the positions that claims the Catholic Church is apostolic succession. This simply means that they claim to be the sole authority over all other churches and denominations because they support the entire line of Roman Catholic Popes back to back centuries, to the apostle Peter. From their point of view, it gives the Catholic Church a unique authority which puts it above all other denominations or church. AccordingRead MoreReformation in the Church 2002676 Words   |  3 PagesMy Reformation for the Church in 2002 By Sally Smith There are several problems in the church that I can see right now. The biggest problem I see is that most Christians have made being a Christian a religious act. You have to do this and you can’t do that and if you don’t you will go to hell. We have made being a Christian long and labor some. Few church members understand the concept of grace. They have forgotten that Jesus just wants be our friend. That being a Christian is notRead MoreResponse Of The Catholic Church To The Reformation1055 Words   |  5 Pagesresponse of the Catholic Church to the Reformation. Long before the reformation period,people within the church, both clergy and lay were keen for the church to eliminate all corrupt practices and for a reform,which would bring everyone closer to God. Those high up in church authority had ignored the concerns made by these reformers because they were personally gaining from practices like indulgences. However the sixteenth century split of protestant from the Catholic church became obvious and broughtRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Catholic Church996 Words   |  4 PagesCatholic Church built upon the bureaucratic organization of the Roman Empire, became powerful, but also very corrupt. Calls for reformation within the Church started as early as the twelfth century. To try to resolve doctrinal issues and reform the church, nine councils were called between 1215 and 1545. However, all nine councils failed to reach any noteworthy protocol and agreement regarding the Church. The clergy was unable to follow the Churchâ€⠄¢s rules and the abuses of the Catholic Church continuedRead MoreProtestant Reformation And The Catholic Church Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesChloe Cooper Mrs. Trahan English 10, 1st period 10 November 2016 Catholic vs Protestant Throughout history, the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Church have developed similarities and differences among their religions. Because they are both a major part of history they’re both equally important. The most important thing is knowing facts about our history and major events that occurred. Catholicism and Protestantism are both two very different religions that have different opinions. WhileRead MoreThe Reformation : Four Challenges For The Catholic Church1176 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reformation: Four Challenges to the Catholic Church The Reformation was a European religious movement of monumental proportions and consequences, during which a new Christian religion, Protestantism, was created. Protestantism differs from other forms of Christianity in that it is not a single church, but many different churches, denominations, and congregations, it is extremely diverse. The first proto-Protestant congregations, even predate the Reformation, drawing their origins from an earlierRead MoreCatholic Church During The Protestant Reformation1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe three areas of concern that Catholics had about the Catholic Church before the Protestant Reformation were The Plague, Abuse of the Indulgences and The Great Schism. The Plague also known as the Black Death was a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that circulated among wild rodents. The disease took place in the fourteenth century. Symptoms include aching of limbs, high fever, vomiting of blood, and swelling of the lymph nodes. After the lymph nodes swelled they would then burst

Socialolgy Free Essays

Sociology is a liberal perspective that explores the influences of social forces on individual behaviors. Course Objectives Students should be able to use a variety of thinking and reasoning skills, apply these skills as appropriate in various situations, and move among them depending on purpose. Upon completion of this course students should be able to: Define and gain a better understanding of sociology, critical thinking, and critical sociology. We will write a custom essay sample on Socialolgy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Define and differentiate between the three major sociological perspectives. Identify significant historical contributions to the discipline. Define and apply the sociological imagination as it pertains to a wide spectrum of real-world situations, cultures, and social problems. Understand the functions and social problems created and maintained by social institutions. Explain how age, race, ethnicity, gender and social class are socially constructed and how such constructs contribute to existing social problems. Witt, Jon (2013). SOC 2013 (3rd Deed. ). McGraw-Hill companies Inc. ISBN: 07-802674-4 Finiteness’s, Kurt (2013). Annual Editions (41st Deed. ). McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. ISBN: 978-0-07-813601-6 Office Hours o have any questions, problems, or concerns, please feel free to visit me during my office hours Tuesdays or by appointment. Email Etiquette The best way to contact me is via email at Ashley. leschyshyn@und. Email. Deed. However please keep in mind that FREER does not allow me to discuss any matters concerning personal grades. Additionally, I teach several classes each semester at two different universities. I will not respond to emails unless you provide me your NAME and CLASS so that I know who you are. Please refer to me as Ashley. Attendance, Absences, Make-Up Work In this class there is a strong correlation between attendance and test performance, assignment scores, and your final grade. Material presented in class will NOT be made available to those who do not attend. Lecture notes will NOT be posted on Blackboard. If you are going to miss an exam, you must contact me in ADVANCED notice PRIOR to the exam, as well as provide documented evidence of your excuse. Late work in labs will not be accepted. If you anticipate being absent, you must contact your TA prior to missing lab and schedule a different lab session to attend. Make-up work will only be allowed in the rare occasion that you are severely ill, experience an emergency, or are required to attend a university event and you must provide documentation of your absence. Course Organization Grading ** This course is weighted. 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Reliability and Reliable Change Index †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Reliability and Reliable Change Index. Answer: Introduction: Dementia is not only related to the Alzheimers disease but it also includes other conditions like vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal degeneration. Most of the people with dementia develop complex conditions due to occurrence of these conditions in a single person. Hence, it would be difficult to manage dementia in a person with single model. In such case, person centred model would be more beneficial because management strategy can be modified based on the condition of the patient. Number of cases of dementia increases with increase in the age of the person. Prevalence of dementia is increasing worldwide due to changes in the demographics. It is well established that dementia increases with age of the person. Hence, it is considered as the normal ageing process. As a result, management of dementia is neglected issue all over the world. It is also evident that prevalence of dementia increases as person approaches death. Hence, it can be concluded that deat h can be delayed by the management of dementia. Effective model need to be identified to implement at the workplace. Implementation of the dementia care model would be helpful in providing well life to people with dementia (Hunter et al., 2016). Person centred care for dementia people is mainly based on the acronym VIPS. Dementia people and their care should be Valued, these people should be treated as Individual, our understanding should corelate with the Perspective of the dementia person and there should be more attention to the Social involvement of the person. More focus should be given to the uniqueness of the individual irrespective of the positive and negative traits of the individuals. More emphasis should be given to the social involvement of the dementia person. Person centred model has unique distinction because it incorporates medical, psychological and spiritual interventions for dementia care. This integrated approach is more beneficial in dementia care because signs and symptoms of the dementia appear due to different reasons and management of this complex condition is not feasible by implementation of single approach. Person centred care promotes rights and dignity of dementia people. It would be helpful in augmenting engagement of the dementia person in the care. Philosophy of person centred care make sure that these people do not consider dementia is end of life. It also provides guidance to medical professionals and family members (Chenoweth et al., 2009). Prior to implementation of the person centred care, both barriers and facilitators of the care will be studied. Efforts will be made to overcome these barriers. Primary objective of this intervention will be to evaluate effectiveness of the programme in reducing behavioural traits of the dementia person like agitation, depression, augmentation in the quality of life in terms of daily activities and functional capabilities, modifications in the physical and chemical restraint and lessening in the contrary events in the life. Secondary objective of this intervention will be to recognize diversity, superiority and practicability of the person centred care. Organisational factors which endorse and hamper, implementation of the person centred care will be identified. Implementation of the person-centred care in the facility requires training for the professional caregivers. Training to the professional caregivers will be provided over the period of 15 days. Daily one hour workshop will be conducted and reflective evaluation will be carried out after each workshop session. It will be helpful in assessing progress of caregivers in training and accordingly modifications can be done in the training methods (Kuske et al., 2007). This training will be mainly focused on implementation of sequential pedagogical framework comprising of 1) knowledge translation, 2) knowledge generation and 3) knowledge dissemination. Knowledge generation will include introductory class for person centred intervention theory for all caregivers. Knowledge generation will comprise of reflective evaluation, interactive workshops on identifying, analysing and discussing suitable evidence for the person centred care. Caregiver staff will critically analyse routine activities, en vironment and resources available for implementation of the person centred care. In knowledge dissemination, caregiver staff will discuss about knowledge gained during workshops. In this exercise, sharing of knowledge and experiences will be augmented which will be beneficial in the overall improvement in the implementation of the person centred care. This intervention will be built on the basis of pervious interventions, hence its design will be optimal for evaluating efficacy of person centred care in person centred care. Components of the person centred include 1) doing little extra, 2) developing physical environment suitable for person centred care and 3) evaluating extremely prioritised psychological needs and meeting these needs (Chrzescijanski et al., 2007). In doing little extra, staff members will be familiarized with the evidence and information related to the thriving themselves in the wellbeing of the dementia patients and family members. Examples of this exercise comprises of offering a cup of coffee, taking for outdoor walk and reporting results from the current sports events. Staff members will be asked to reflect on these activities and document it. Documented activities and experiences may be beneficial in bringing positive behavioural changes (Visser et al., 2008). Staff members will be familiarised with the evidence and information for creating acceptable physical environment for dementia patients. It will be helpful in the providing quality care and providing respect to patients values. Staff will be familiarised with the factors responsible for the distraction of dementia patients. Hence, staff may eliminate these distractions and provide home environment for the patient and family members. Staff will be encouraged to discuss with the patients about environment and take their input for changing environment. Staff members will give more focus on the shared areas like living rooms, sitting/dining rooms and corridors (Testad et al.,2010). Staff members will be familiarised with the evidence and information to identify, assess, accept, and gratify each patients extremely prioritised psychological needs. Patients life history will be used as tool for prioritising their psychological needs. Staff members will be encouraged to interview patients and family members to recognize favourites, values and behavioural and psychological aspects. Staff will be encouraged to discuss with patient and family members to integrate identified psychological needs in the daily activities. In this process, staff members may plan activities based on the psychological needs of the patient. Staff members will be advised to document all the activities planned to meet psychological needs. Exclusively person centred intervention will be provided to the participants based on the VIPS construct (Rsvik 2013). Intervention will be directed to address organisational culture, staff training, endorsement of care planning, management contribution and interest and quality monitoring and improvement systems (Miller et al., 2010). Consideration will also be given to nursing guidelines for providing holistic care to the dementia patients. It will be helpful in overcoming resistance during care and facilitating person centred care. It will be achieved by implementing staff support model like Dementia Care Mapping. Assessment of the effectiveness of the person centred care will be performed by incorporating control participants. Routine care or standard care will be provided to the control participants. Different factors like demographics, socio-cultural, environmental factors, and ethical considerations will be considered during care. Demographic characters like age and gender will be considered. Participants will be categorised in male and female participants because male and female may have varied behavioural traits. Participants will also be categorised based on the age. Participants will be grouped above 80 years and below 80 years. Participants above 80 years of age may require more psychological interventions. Person centred care may vary based on the socio-cultural aspects of the participants. It is well established that participants in the high socioeconomic class exhibited more engagement in the dementia care and their retention rate is high for dementia care. Cultural acceptance for the persons centred care is the major obstacle and it need to be addressed. This issue will be effectively addressed in the implementation of the person centred care. Physical environment of the residence will be given consideration in implementing person centred care. Environment of the residence should be suitable for the dementia patient. Disturbing environment may have psychological impact on the dementia patient. It can adversely affect implementation of person centred care because psychological disturbance can adversely affect behavioural alterations (Hunter et al., 2015). Ethical issues will be addressesed in the implementation of the person centred care. Caring dementia people is a challenging task because balancing autonomy with safety and well-being will be difficult. Few dementia patients may not accept the fact that they need to depend on others. This dependence may be to maintain their autonomy and live with their specific life values (Smebye et al., 2016). Participants selection: Participants will be selected based on the diagnosis of dementia based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). ADL capabilities and cognition will be considered as the diagnostic criteria for the selection of participants. Approval will be taken from the elderly-care physician for inclusion of participants. These patients should have at least two psychiatric and behavioural symptoms. These symptoms include aggression, motor or verbal agitation, psychosis, depression, and apathy (Zuidema et al., 2011). Informed consent will be taken form the participants prior to incorporation in the intervention. Provision will be provided to participants to withdraw from the intervention in case of development of life threatening disease. In the previous studies, high attrition rate was evident in such types of interventions. It might be due to dementia condition and older age. High attrition rate might affect power necessary for statistical significance. This issue will be promptly a ddressed in this by incorporating more participants. Additional participants will also be selected but not included in the intervention. These additional participants will be incorporated in cases of high rate of attrition. Hence, intension to treat will be promptly addressed in this intervention. Emotional and psychological support will be provided to the participants who wish to withdraw. It would be helpful in more retention of participants in the intervention. It is evident that incorporation of different stakeholders like health professionals, social workers, community members and family members proved beneficial in improving retention in dementia care. Randomisation will be performed based on different criteria like age, gender and socioeconomic status because priority of psychological needs will be different for each population. Baseline data is most important aspect in the analysis of the outcome of the intervention. Randomisation will be useful in establishing baseline data for each group including control group. Randomisation will also be helpful in interpreting and analysing the results. It is evident that influence of personal and professional relationship among patients and caregivers would affect outcome of the intervention (Bramble et al., 2009). Hence, in this intervention precaution will be taken to assign unknown caregivers to the patients. 500 participants will be selected for this intervention. 400 participants will be with diagnosed dementia and 100 participants will be control. All the participants will be within 50 km from the host organisation, hence there will not be difficulty in reaching these participants. Staff members willing to participate in the person centred care will be selected for the participants because along with medical and nursing knowledge, participants should have capability to apply person specific skills in providing person centred care. Prior to initiation of the intervention, staff members will be written information about the eligibility criteria, aims and objectives of the intervention and purpose of the study. Staff members need to work on permanent basis on the organisation (Schepers et al.,2012). Staff members will be properly familiarised with residence of the patient. It will be helpful for staff member to identify environmental impacts. Hence, staff member can implement alternative approach in individual care (Smith et al., 2012). Opportunity will be given the staff members to take leadership role in implementation of the person centred care. Staff members with the leadership qualities will be given opportunity to train remaining staff members. In the past, studies were conducted with the enriched opportunities program to produce leaders from the study. It is evident from such studies that these leaders focused on the history, preferences and requirements of the dementia patients along with providing training and education. Efforts of the leaders should be visible verbally and leaders should observe activities of staff members and give them feedback. Feedback to other staff members proved beneficial in providing individualised care. Leaders should implement root cause approach to identify underlying causes of problems. Collaborative decision making has significant impact of the cultural change. Leaders can promote collaborative decision making. Cultural change can improve the individualized care to the dementi a patients. Leaders should conduct educational and in-service seminars for all the nursing and allied service staff members. In-service seminars proved beneficial in incorporating person centred care in the actual practice. Leaders should motivate staff members and should make sure that staff members are keeping patients satisfactory and fulfilling their needs which are very important for person centred care (Rokstad et al., 2015; Bender et al., 2017). It is well established that interprofessional collaborative practice proved beneficial in augmenting outcome of the person centred care in dementia patients. Collaborative efforts of different professionals proved helpful in broadening their specific professional activities. It proved helpful in the improving focus of diverse professionals to the person centred care and patients psychological needs. This shift in the healthcare model can lead to comprehensive and holistic care and positive impact on the quality of healthcare service. This collaborative model will be implemented in the intervention. Dementia is complex disease; hence it should be managed in different aspects like health promotion, prevention of adverse events, cure and rehabilitation (Chenoweth et al., 2009). In implementation of these strategies collaborative work of medical professional, social worker and family member is necessary. Pathological, psychological and physiological aspects of the dementia management req uire specialised medical professional. However, sustained management and retention in the treatment can be improved by support from the social worker, community members, family and friends. Expertise from varied fields like recreational therapy, psychology, geriatric psychiatry, gerontology, and social work will incorporated in the person centred care. This intervention will be carried out for six months. During duration of six months regular assessment with the interval of 15 days will be carried out. Based on the outcome of each 15 days, intervention protocol will be modified. In the first three months, main focus will be given to the primary outcomes and in later three months both primary and secondary outcomes will be measured because secondary outcomes will be evident only after positive primary outcomes. Health economic evaluation will be performed to assess the cost-utility analysis over the period of six-months. Cost-utility analysis will be performed for both intervention participants and control participants. Total cost incorporated will comprise of cost incurred for training of staff, travel cost, telephone cost and time spent by the staff in intervention. This intervention design, size of participants and statistical power will give conclusive outcomes of person centred care. Follow up will be performed for a period of 10 months after the completion of the intervention. This is important because few of the practices of the patient centred care requires longer period for its implementation. Ethical approval will be taken for the organisational research committee. Proposal for the conduct of the intervention will be presented to the ethics committee and suggestions made by the committee will be incorporated in the proposal. Approval letter from the ethical committee will be documented and stored. Data collected during the intervention will be kept confidential. Dignity, respect and safeguard of the participants will be maintained throughout the duration of the intervention. Patient centred care in dementia intervention will comprise of chief investigator and co-investigators. These people will have responsibility of management and promotion of the intervention and analysis and interpretation of the outcomes. Data monitoring and ethics committee will be responsible for the safety and ethics of the trial. Intervention Steering Committee will be responsible for the supervision of the intervention which comprises of intervention progress, adherence to protocol and modification of protocol according to the new information. Sponsors will be responsible for ensuring responsibility and accountability of intervention and methodologies of the intervention. Demographic and socio-economic data will be collected by providing written form to the patients and family members. Psychological and behavioural data will be collected by providing questionnaires to the patients. Psychological and behavioural traits like capability of activities of daily living, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms will be considered. The Katz ADL-index, Gottfries cognitive scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory will be used for the measurement of activities of daily living, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms respectively (Edvardsson et al., 2012). Dementia is a multifaced condition, hence different person may have different opinion about the disease condition and intervention. Henceforward, group interviews along with the individual interviews will be conducted for the patients. In each group interview 4 6 participants will be included. This group interview will stimulate broad discussion and exchange of feelings and experiences. Group interviews will be followed by individual interviews. Psychological and behavioural comparison of patients in group interviews and individual interviews will be made. It will be useful in assessing effect of socialisation on psychological and behavioural aspects of the patient. Notes during interviews and audio-video recordings will be maintained for data documentation, analysis and interpretation (Clark et al., 2008). A semi-structured interview framework will be prepared for family members and professionals caregivers. Open-ended questions will be included in this framework so that answers will be given more freely. Examples of questions will be 1) what is there feeling about relationship with dementia patient, 2) whether they contributed to the care and how, 3) whether they collaborated with other professional caregivers. Interviews will be audio-recorded for the future references. Important points will be noted down during conversation between dementia patient and professional caregiver (Clark et al., 2008). There should be effective coordination among staff caregivers, family caregivers and patients to collect the data. All the time, it would be difficult for the staff members to remain present physically with the patients. Patients will be staying at their residence. In such cases, staff members will interact with patient and family members over the phone. Staff members will also communicate through videoconferencing. Family caregivers should play significant role in communication with staff caregivers and other stakeholders of the intervention (Hasson and Arnetz, 2008). Assessment of behavioural signs and symptoms in the dementia in the patients will be difficult because of alterations in symptoms due to multiple factors. Hence, healthcare caregivers will assess and reassess the patients to get the robust data. In case of quantitative data, average data will be considered for analysis (Ballard and Corbett, 2010). After the collection of the data, intervention will follow three steps like observation, feedback and action plan. Caregiver staff member will observe promptly behavioural and psychological aspects of the patient, interpret exact condition of the patient and prepare action plan for providing patient centred dementia care to the patients. Qualitative methods will be applied for assessing feasibility of the process and identifying facilitators and barriers of the process. Quantitative methods will be used for assessing efficacy and efficiency of the intervention. It is evident that high quality evidence is not available for specific intervention in person centred care in the dementia patients. Hence, existing studies will be reviewed and limitations observed in these studies will be considered in the current intervention. To get the robust results, improvements will be incorporated in this intervention. From the studies in the literature is evident that follow up was not done. Follow up is important aspect in the person centred care for dementia patients. Follow up will be beneficial in the determining durability and outcomes of the intervention. Hence, follow up will be incorporated in this intervention. Planning for advanced care intervention was not evident in the studies from the literature. In case, certain patient is not responding to patient centred care, there should be intention to refer this patient for advanced care intervention (Edvardsson et al., 2008). In nursing intervention, leaving a patient without total efforts of management is an ethical issue. Hence, in this study prearrangement will be made to implement advanced care intervention. Incorporation of cultural aspects in the person centred care can improve efficiency of intervention. However, in most of the studies, cultural aspects were not incorporated. Cultural values of the participants should be respected. Dignity and humanity of patients should be preserved by using appropriate labels and terminologies. In this intervention, all these cultural aspects will be considered in the implementation of the patient centred care for dementia patients. In few studies, more than one parameter was used to evaluate outcome. In such cases, it would be difficult to select one parameter over the other to make conclusion. Hence, to avoid this confusion one parameter will be used for analysis of specific outcome. It has been established that, non-pharmacological interventions like environme ntal and cultural factors can affect outcome of the study significantly (Cohen-Mans?eld et al., 2012). However, in most of the studies special attention was not given to these factors. In this study, individual patients environmental and cultural factors will be considered while providing patient centred care (Chenoweth et al., 2014). Data is not available for the extent and qualifications of staff engagement in the implementation of person centred care. This data would be beneficial in recruitment of specific staff in the intervention. In the current intervention, extent of staff engagement in the person centred care will measured and documented. Also, qualifications of each staff members will be documented. This will be useful in identifying suitability of each staff member in person centred care. This data will be corelated with the outcome of the intervention. In case, discrepancy in outcome of same type of population, data for the engagement of staff will be useful in the analysis of the outcome. Guidelines and standardised protocols will be maintained for the activities performed by the staff members. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches can have different outcome. In previous studies, these two interventions were not studied separately (van de Ven et al., 2013). In this intervention, individua l outcome of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches will be evaluated in addition to the combined outcome of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. This segregated outcome of different approaches is important because activity based person centred care proved more beneficial in the patients with less age. Different behavioural aspects of the dementia cant be manged with same type of exposure to the person centred care. Attention was not given to this point in the previously conducted studies. Agitation can be effectively managed by exposing the patients with short term interventions with more frequency. Emotions, depression, and quality of living can be effectively managed by long term interventions (Cohen-Mansfield, 2008). In this intervention, separate interventions will be planned for the different behavioural symptoms. Different types of interventions will be planed for patients with early stage and late stage diagnosis of dementia. Effect of person centred care on family caregivers was not evaluated in the previous studies. This aspect need to be considered to produce sustained outcome of the person centred care. In this intervention, effect of person centred care on the capability of family caregivers will be studied (Rosemond et al., 2012). Outcomes will be measured to assess effectiveness of the person centred care in dementia patients. Outcomes in this intervention will be categorised in the primary outcome and secondary outcome. These outcomes will be aligned with aims and objectives of the intervention. Primary outcome will measure frequency and severity of the psychological and behavioural symptoms. These symptoms will be measured using Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Cohen-Mans?eld Agitation Inventory will be used to measure agitation scale (Rokstad et al., 2013). Cornell Scale of Depression in Dementia will be used to measure mood scale. Validated dementia quality of life instruments will be used to measure quality of life. Data collection will be performed by the independent researcher and it will blinded. It will address problem of probable bias. Secondary outcome measures will comprise of capabilities of daily living, use of physical, chemical and mechanical restraint. Chemical restraint comprises of antipsychotic s, antihistamines and sedatives. Delirium, falls and pressure ulcers will also be measured in secondary outcomes (Smith et al., 2007). References: Ballard, C., and Corbett, A. (2010). Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. CNS Drugs, 24(9), 72939. Bender, D., Grace Lui, K. Y., and Holyoke, P. (2017). Five opportunities for healthcare leaders to better support person- and family-centred care in long-term care settings. Healthcare Management Forum, 30(1), 20-25. Bramble, M., Moyle, W., and McAllister, M. (2009). Seeking connection: family care experiences following long-term dementia care placement. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(22), 311825. Chenoweth, L., King, M.T., Jeon, Y.H., Brodaty, H., Stein-Parbury, J., Haas, M., et al. (2009). Caring for Aged Dementia Care Resident Study (CADRES) of person-centred dementia care, dementia-care mapping, and usual care in dementia: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Neurology, 8, 31725. Chenoweth, L., Forbes, I., Fleming, R., King, M.T., Stein-Parbury, J., et al. (2014). PerCEN: a cluster randomized controlled trial of person-centered residential care and environment for people with dementia. International Psychogeriatric, 26(07), 114760. Chrzescijanski, C., and Moyle, W., and Creedy, D. (2007). Reducing dementia-related aggression through a staff education intervention. Dementia, 6(2), 27186. Cohen-Mansfield, J. (2008). Agitated behavior in persons with dementia: the relationship between type of behavior, its frequency, and its disruptiveness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 649. Cohen-Mans?eld, J., Thein, K., Marx, M.S., Dakheel-Ali, M., and Freedman, L. (2012). Ef?cacy of nonpharmacologic interventions for agitation in advanced dementia: a randomized, placebocontrolled trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73, 125561. Clark, P.A., Tucke, S.S., and Whitlatch, C.J. (2008). Consistency of information from persons with dementia: an analysis of differences by question type. Dementia, 7, 34158. Edvardsson, D., Winblad, B., and Sandman P. (2008). Person-centred care of people with severe Alzheimers disease: current status and ways forward. Lancet Neurology, 7(4), 3627. Edvardsson, D., Fetherstonhaugh, D., Nay, R., and Gibson, S. (2010). Development and initial testing of the Person-centered Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT). International Psychogeriatric, 22(1), 1018. Hasson, H., and Arnetz, J.E. (2008). Nursing staff competence, work strain, stress and satisfaction in elderly care: a comparison of home-based care and nursing homes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(4), 46881. Hunter, P.V., Hadjistavropoulos, T., Thorpe, L., Lix, L.M., and Malloy, D.C. (2016). The influence of individual and organizational factors on person-centred dementia care. Aging Mental Health, 20(7), 700-8. Kuske, B., Hanns, S., Luck, T., Angermeyer, M.C., Behrens, J., Riedel-Heller, S.G. (2007). Nursing home staff training in dementia care: a systematic review of evaluated programmes. International Psychogeriatric, 19(5), 81841. Miller, S.C., Miller, E.A., Jung, H-Y., Sterns, S., Clark, M., Mor, V. (2010). Nursing home organizational change: The culture change movement as viewed by long-term care specialists. Medical Care Research and Review, 67(4), 65S81S. Rokstad, A.M., Rsvik, J., Kirkevold, ., Selbk, G., Saltyte Benth, J., and Engedal, K. (2013). The effect of person-centred dementia care to prevent agitation and other neuropsychiatric symptoms and enhance quality of life in nursing home patients: a 10-month randomized controlled trial. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 36, 34053. Rokstad, A.M., Vatne, S., Engedal, K., and Selbk, G. (2015). The role of leadership in the implementation of person-centred care using Dementia Care Mapping: a study in three nursing homes. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(1), 15-26. Rsvik, J., Brooker, D., Mjorud, M., and Kirkevold, . (2013). What is person-centred care in dementia? Clinical reviews into practice: the development of the VIPS practice model. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 23(2), 15563. Rosemond, C.A., Hanson, L.C., Ennett, S.T., Schenck, A.P., and Weiner, B.J. (2012). Implementing person-centered care in nursing homes. Health Care Management Review, 37(3), 25766. Schepers, A.K., Orrell, M., Shanahan, N., and Spector, A. (2012). Sense of competence in Dementia Care Staff (SCIDS) scale: development, reliability and validity. International Psychogeriatric, 24(7), 115362. Smebye, K. L., Kirkevold, M., and Engedal, K. (2016). Ethical dilemmas concerning autonomy when persons with dementia wish to live at home: a qualitative, hermeneutic study. BMC Health Services Research, 16, 21. Smith, S.C., Lamping, D.L., Banerjee, S., Harwood, R.H., Foley, B., Smith, P., et al. (2007). Development of a new measure of health-related quality of life for people with dementia: DEMQOL. Psychological Medicine, 37(5), 73746. Smith, R., Fleming, R., Chenoweth, L., Jeon, Y.H., Stein-Parbury, J., and Brodaty, H. (2012). Validation of the Environmental Audit Tool in both purpose-built and non-purpose-built dementia care settings. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 31(3), 15963. Testad, I., Auer, S., Mittelman, M., Ballard, C., Fossey, J., Donabauer, Y., et al. (2010). Nursing home structure and association with agitation and use of psychotropic drugs in nursing home residents in three countries: Norway, Austria and England. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 72531. van de Ven, G., Drasovic, I., Adang, E.M.M., Donders, R., Zuidema, S., Koopmans, R.T.C.M., et al. Effects of Dementia-Care Mapping on residents and staff of care homes: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. PLoS One, 8(7), e67325. Visser, S.M., McCabe, M.P., Hudgson, C., Buchanan, G., Davison, T.E., and George, K. (2008). Managing behavioural symptoms of dementia: effectiveness of staff education and peer support. Aging Mental Health, 12(1), 4755. Zuidema, S., Buursema, A.L., Gerritsen, M.G.J.M., Oosterwal, K.C, Smits, M.M.M., Koopmans, R.T.C.M., et al. (2011). Assessing neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home patients with dementia: reliability and Reliable Change Index of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26, 12734.